Journal of Siberian Federal University. Engineering & Technologies / Mathematical Model for Estimating the Melt Pool Depth During 3D Printing by Selective Laser Melting Technology

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Issue
Journal of Siberian Federal University. Engineering & Technologies. 2026 19 (6)
Authors
Avdeeva, Maria O.; Glchyan, Nyura Sh.; Losev, Alexsandr S.
Contact information
Avdeeva, Maria O. : Khabarovsk Branch of the Institute of Applied Mathematics Far Eastern Branch Russian Academy of Sciences (Russian Federation, Khabarovsk); Glchyan, Nyura Sh. : Khabarovsk Branch of the Institute of Applied Mathematics Far Eastern Branch Russian Academy of Sciences (Russian Federation, Khabarovsk); Losev, Alexsandr S.: Khabarovsk Branch of the Institute of Applied Mathematics Far Eastern Branch Russian Academy of Sciences (Russian Federation, Khabarovsk);
Keywords
mathematical modeling; selective laser melting; laser pulse; temperature field; melt pool
Abstract

The article investigates thermal processes in the melt pool zone during selective laser melting of a ceramic material. The aim of the work is to establish an analytical relationship between the temperature at points on the melt pool’s axis of symmetry and their distance from the surface exposed to laser radiation under single-pulse heating. The problem is solved through numerical modeling of a non-stationary thermal field, accounting for temperature- dependent thermophysical properties of the material, phase transitions, and convective and radiative heat transfer. The mathematical model was implemented in the COMSOL Multiphysics software package. Calculations were performed for a single laser pulse with a Gaussian distribution of heat flux density at low laser power settings. Temperature values were determined at points on the melt pool’s axis of symmetry within the material’s phase transition region. Based on statistical processing of the numerical modeling results, an analytical approximating dependence of the depth of a point on the melt pool’s axis of symmetry on temperature was obtained. An assessment of the approximation accuracy was conducted, showing that the average error does not exceed 3 %, and the multiple coefficient of determination exceeds 0.99 for the entire considered range of laser pulse energies. The dependence of the approximating function parameters on pulse energy was established, allowing for the derivation of a generalized analytical expression for it. The obtained results can be used for engineering assessment of the material’s thermal state and penetration depth during selective laser melting of ceramic materials, as well as for the development and optimization of laser processing regimes

Pages
814–822
EDN
FUBZBJ
Paper at repository of SibFU
https://elib.sfu-kras.ru/handle/2311/159362

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