Journal of Siberian Federal University. Engineering & Technologies / Synthesis, Properties and Applications of Max-Phases Ti2ALC and Ti3AlC2 (Overview)

Full text (.pdf)
Issue
Journal of Siberian Federal University. Engineering & Technologies. 2026 19 (7)
Authors
Krutsky, Yuri L.; Gudyma, Tatiana S.; Aparnev, Alexander I.; Cherkasova, Nina Yu.; Busygin, Sergei L.; Bannov, Alexander G.
Contact information
Krutsky, Yuri L.: Novosibirsk State Technical University (Novosibirsk, Russian Federation); Gudyma, Tatiana S. : Novosibirsk State Technical University (Novosibirsk, Russian Federation); Aparnev, Alexander I. : Novosibirsk State Technical University (Novosibirsk, Russian Federation); Cherkasova, Nina Yu.: Novosibirsk State Technical University (Novosibirsk, Russian Federation); Busygin, Sergei L.: Siberian Federal University (Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation); ; Bannov, Alexander G. : Novosibirsk State Technical University (Novosibirsk, Russian Federation)
Keywords
MAX phases; pressureless sintering; self-propagating high-temperature synthesis; hot pressing; spark sintering
Abstract

This article provides a comprehensive review of research results obtained by Russian and foreign scientists in the field of synthesis, properties, and potential applications of Ti2AlC and Ti3AlC2 MAX phases. These compounds belong to a unique class of layered, thermodynamically stable materials. The article offers a detailed analysis of the advantages and limitations of the primary methods for their synthesis, including pressureless sintering, self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS), hot pressing, spark sintering, and molten salt synthesis. As typical representatives of MAX phases, Ti2AlC and Ti3AlC2 compounds exhibit a combination of properties characteristic of both metals and ceramics. Their key distinguishing features include a combination of high strength and elastic modulus with low density, high values of electrical and thermal conductivity, as well as exceptional resistance to thermal shock and high-temperature oxidation. These properties make MAX phases highly promising for use as heat-resistant structural materials, protective coatings, and components in electrochemical devices. Of particular practical interest is the application of Ti2AlC and Ti3AlC2 phases as precursors for the synthesis of MXenes – a new family of two- dimensional transition metal carbides. Graphene-like nanostructures of Ti2CTₓ and Ti3C2Tₓ are produced from the initial MAX phases by selectively etching the aluminum layers using a liquid-phase etching method. These nanostructures possess a high specific surface area, hydrophilicity, and a tunable chemical composition. MXenes are extremely promising materials for creating high-performance supercapacitor and battery, sensitive gas sensors, catalysts, adsorbents, and solid-state lubricants, which underscores the fundamental and applied significance of researching their precursors – MAX phases

Pages
932–961
EDN
HJGIDO
Paper at repository of SibFU
https://elib.sfu-kras.ru/handle/2311/160196

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